Magulu atatu oyambira
Pali magulu atatu oyambira injini zama dizilo okhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu zazing'ono, zapakati, ndi zazikulu. Ma injini ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi malingaliro othandiza ochepera 16 kilowatts 16. Ili ndiye mtundu wa injini wodziwika bwino kwambiri. Ma injiniwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, magalimoto omangirira, ndi mapulogalamu ena azaulimi komanso monga opanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono (monga opanga maluso) komanso monga ma drive. Iwowa amatulutsa mwachindunji, mu mzere, kapena sikisi-sikisi-sikisi. Ambiri amakokedwa ndi pambuyo pake.

Ma injini apakatikati ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera kuyambira 188 mpaka 750 kilowat, kapena 252 mpaka 1,006 okwera pamahatchi. Ma injini ambiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto olemera. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osakanikirana, mu mzere, cylinder matlinder turboched ndi injini zopitilira apo. Ma injini ena a v-8 ndi V-12 nawonso ali m'gululi.

Akuluakulu a divel divelo ali ndi mabatani ochulukirapo owonjezera ma yilesi 750. Ma injini apaderawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyanja, malo opopera, komanso makina oyendetsa zamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi jekeseni mwachindunji, aku Turbocgade komanso pambuyo pake. Amatha kugwira ntchito ngati 500 kusinthana kwa mphindi 500 pamphindi pomwe kudalirika komanso kulimba ndiko kukayikira.

Makumiti a Stroke Awiri ndi Amuna Awiri
Monga taonera kale, injini za dizilo zimapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito panjira ziwiri kapena zinayi. Mu injini yazomera zinayi-stroke, kudya ndi mavu am'madzi ndi manyuzipepala a jakisoni amapezeka mu mutu wa silinda (onani chithunzi). Nthawi zambiri, ma vumbweyi aliwonse - kudya ziwiri ndi mavuvu awiri otha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya matendawa kumatha kuthetsa kufunika kwa mavavu amodzi kapena onse omwe ali mu injini. Kusaka ndi kuyamwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumaperekedwa kudzera pa madoko mu cylinder. Kutha kumatha kukhala kudzera m'makunja omwe ali mu mutu wa sing'anga kapena kudzera pa madoko a cylinder. Ntchito zomanga za injini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta mukamagwiritsa ntchito doko m'malo mwa munthu amene amafunikira ma valves.

Mafuta a diesels
Zogulitsa zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a injini za dizilo ndizogawa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma hydrocarbons, okhala ndi ma atomu a kaboni pa molekyulu. Magalimoto olemera omwewa amatengedwa kuchokera mafuta osalankhuliramo zigawo zosasunthika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafuta amachotsedwa. Malingaliro owotcha olemera kwambiri kuyambira 177 mpaka 343 ° C (351 mpaka 649 ° F). Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwawo kosinthasintha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa mafuta ochepa, omwe ali ndi ma atomu ochepa kaboni pa molekyulu.

Madzi ndi matope mu mafuta amatha kukhala ovulaza kuntchito; Mafuta oyera ndi ofunika pakuchita zinthu mwamphamvu. Mafuta okhala ndi zotsalira za kaboni kwambiri amatha kusungidwa bwino ndi injini zothamanga kwambiri. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa iwo omwe ali ndi phulusa lalitali komanso lasuli. Nambala ya Cetane, yomwe imatanthauzira mafuta omwe akuyatsidwa, amatsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito a Austm D613 "Njira Yoyeserera Yoyeserera kwa Mafuta a Shetisel."

Kukula kwa injini za dizilo
Ntchito Yoyambirira
Rudovol, injiniya waku Germany, adapeza lingaliro la injini lomwe tsopano likhala ndi dzina lake Nikolaus Otto). Diesel adazindikira kuti injini yamagetsi yamagetsi imatha kuthetsedwa ngati, mkati mwa chipangizo cha piston-cylinder, kusokoneza mpweya kutentha kwambiri kuposa mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta. Diesel adalonjeza chonchi m'mite ya 1892 ndi 1893.
Poyambirira, malasha kapena malasha kapena ma petroleum amadzimadzi omwe amafunsidwa ngati mafuta. Dizilo adawona malasha a ufa, chopangidwa ndi migodi yamoto, monga mafuta opezeka mosavuta. Mpweya woponderezedwa unayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa fumbi la malasha mu silinda injini; Komabe, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wamalasha kunali kovuta, ndipo, pambuyo pa injini yoyesera idawonongeka ndi kuphulika, dizilo idasinthidwa ku mafuta amadzimadzi. Anapitilizabe kuyambitsa mafuta mu injini yokhala ndi mpweya.
Injini yoyamba yomwe imamangidwa pamiteyi ya St. Louis, mo. ku United States ndi Canada. Injiniyo idagwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka ndipo wotsogolera uja anali injini ya Sulzer yomwe idapanga injini zambiri za US Nkhondo Yadziko I Ku Groton, Conn.

IDEL Injini idakhala lomese yoyamba ya oyang'anira sitima zapadziko lonse lapansi panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Mafuta ochepera, osasunthika kuposa mafuta, anali kusungidwa mosamala ndikugwirizanitsidwa.
Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Amuna ambiri omwe adagwira ntchito omwe adagwira ntchito omwe amafunafuna ndalama za mtendere. Opanga adayamba kusintha ma dives achuma. Kusintha kamodzi kunali chitukuko cha otchedwa Semidiellesel omwe amagwiranso ntchito pazinthu ziwiri zoponderezedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito babu wowotcha kapena chubu kuti ayankhe mafuta. Kusintha kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yotsika mtengo kuti apange ndi kusamalira.

Tekisoni wamafuta
Mbali imodzi yotsutsa ya dizilo yonse inali kufunikira kwa kupanikizika kwambiri, jekeseni wa mpweya. Sikuti mphamvu zokha zomwe zimafunikira kuyendetsa compressiter, koma firiji yomwe imachedwa kuwonongeka ikachitika pamene mpweya, ma fagapals 1,000 mpaka 4 megapaskass (493 mpaka 580 mapaundi amodzi). Diesel adafunikira mpweya wambiri womwe umayambitsa malasha a ufa mu silinda; Madzi amadzimadzi atasinthiratu chimbudzi ngati mafuta, pampu akadapangidwa kuti atenge malo amtundu wa mpweya wambiri.

Panali njira zingapo momwe pampu ingagwiritsidwire ntchito. Ku England Kampani ya Vickers adagwiritsa ntchito njira wamba yama njanda wamba, pomwe batri ya mapampu imasunga mafuta omwe ali ndi chitoliro chomwe chimakhala ndi silinda iliyonse. Kuchokera pa njanji iyi (kapena chitoliro) chowonjezera, ziphuphu zingapo zoloweza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale cha stander iliyonse kumapeto kwake. Njira ina yomwe mwagwira ntchito yogwirizira cam-yogwira ntchito, kapena kupopera-mapampu kuti apereke mafuta pansi pa kalikonse ku valavu ya jekeseni ya clinder iliyonse pa nthawi yoyenera.

Kuchotsedwa kwa compresser Airsion kunali njira yolowera koyenera, koma panali vuto linanso lomwe litakhala ndi utsi wa injini. Kunali mpweya wokwanira mu silinda kuti muwotchedwe mtengo wamafuta osachokapo. Manjiniya pamapeto pake adazindikira kuti vutoli linali loti mpweya wambiri wopanikizika uja udasokoneza bwino kwambiri kuposa zonunkhira zokhudzana ndi mafuta opanga mpweya zimatheka Sakani ma atomu a okosijeni kuti mumalize njira yoyaka, ndipo, popeza mpweya wabwino umangokhala 20 peresenti yokha, ma atomu aliwonse anali ndi mwayi umodzi mwa asanu omwe akukumana ndi atomu ya oxygen. Zotsatira zake zinali zosayenera kuwotcha mafuta.

Kupanga kwam'madzi kwam'madzi kumayambitsa mafuta mu silinda mu mawonekedwe a kutsitsi la conne, ndipo ndi nthunzi yochokera ku mphuno, osati mumtsinje kapena ndege. Zochepa kwambiri zimatha kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse mafuta bwino. Kukula bwino kuyenera kuchitika ndikupatsa mayendedwe owonjezera pamlengalenga, ambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi mpweya, wotchedwa squish, kapena onse, kuchokera pamphepete mwa pisitoni ku pakatikati. Njira zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga swirl ndi squish. Zotsatira zabwino zimawoneka ngati mpweya wa swarl umakhala ndi ubale wotsimikizika ndi skiption yamafuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mpweya mkati mwa cylinder kumafuna mpweya wozungulira womwe umapangitsa kuti mpweya wolumikizidwa usunthire mosalekeza kuchokera ku utsi umodzi kupita ku nthawi ya jakisoni, osakhazikika kwambiri pakati pazozungulira.